How to improve the quality of sleep | Health and Fitness Tips ...

Sleep, everyone is indispensable, but not everyone sleep quality are good, so the following describes some of the methods to improve the quality of sleep.

Methods / steps

1, Before going to bed, drink a glass of milk, because milk help in human sleep.

2, Do not do strenuous exercise before going to bed, which would allow nerve more excited, more difficult to fall asleep, while asleep, and also may allow you to dream.

3, Do not put scented irritating objects in the room. Such as perfume, fragrances, flowers. Avoid irritation to the nose.

4, The pillow can buy a more comfortable, such as resin pillows, memory foam pillows are good, but also prevent a stiff neck.

5, Pajamas, it is best to buy cotton, loose-fitting clothing, so no sense of restraint, sleep was more personal.

6, If possible, but also to the drugstore to buy some tranquilizing oral, eat a few days later, the effect is still good.

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Source: http://www.hhtip.com/how-to-improve-the-quality-of-sleep/

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Miguel Cabrera Is Mitt Romney

Miguel Cabrera, the 2012 American League MVP.

Photo by Leon Halip/Getty Images.

Mitt Romney lost the popular vote. He lost the electoral college, too, finishing behind President Obama in every swing state but one. But the GOP nominee didn?t get crushed across the board. Sixty-two percent of white men voted for Romney, and 61 percent of white men and women 45 and older voted for the former Massachusetts governor. The problem for Romney wasn?t his opponent. It was the electorate. If he wanted to find a bloc of voters that was more susceptible to his charms, he should?ve announced his candidacy for another fiercely contested race: most valuable player of the American League.

On Thursday, Tigers third baseman Miguel Cabrera defeated Angels center fielder Mike Trout, winning the AL MVP award with 22 of 28 first-place votes. Trout, a 21-year-old rookie, was the youthful insurgent in this contest. Among his backers was Nate Silver, who?years before he became a political seer?made his name by inventing a system to project baseball players? stats. Earlier this week, Silver explained why Trout, not Cabrera, was the best choice for AL MVP:

The argument on Trout?s behalf isn?t all that complicated: he provided the greater overall contribution to his team. Trout was a much better defensive player than Cabrera, and a much better base runner. And if Cabrera was the superior hitter, it wasn?t by nearly as much as the Triple Crown statistics might suggest.

It is an argument enabled by the improved ability to measure different elements of the game?defense, base running, and situational hitting?that were once weak points of statistical analysis.

Cabrera, by contrast, was the candidate of the establishment. While Trout led all of baseball in the sabermetrically approved Wins Above Replacement statistic, the Tigers? slugger paced the league in batting average, home runs, and RBIs, winning the first Triple Crown since 1967. In Cabrera?s corner: the Detroit Free Press? Mitch Albom, who gloated after his hometown candidate won baseball?s most-prized individual award:

Today, every stat matters. There is no end to the appetite for categories?from OBP to OPS to WAR. I mean, OMG! The number of triples hit while wearing a certain-colored underwear is probably being measured as we speak. ? I mean, did you do the math? I didn't. I like to actually see the sun once in a while.

How about this? How about that? The fact is, voters are not instructed to give more credence to any one category than another. Twenty-eight sportswriters, two from each AL city, decide, in their own minds, what is "valuable" and who displayed it the most.

By an overwhelming majority.

In the end, memories were more powerful than microchips.

As Silver lays out, the case for Trout is simple and rational: He?s a better overall player, which is clear if you look beyond traditional statistics. The case against Trout, and for Cabrera, is frothing and reactionary, dependent on willful distortions and self-parodically awful one-liners. (I mean, OMG!) Albom?who, like Silver, didn?t have an official vote for AL MVP?writes that he didn?t ?do the math ? [because] I like to actually see the sun once in a while.? This is not a sports column. It is a do-not-disturb sign. Albom has spent decades building up a thick layer of ignorance?how dare anyone try to disabuse him of it.

Miguel Cabrera didn?t win the MVP because every baseball writer thinks like Mitch Albom. He won because almost every baseball writer who?s allowed to vote for the MVP thinks like Mitch Albom.

The NL and AL MVP awards are decided by the Baseball Writers? Association of America. The BBWAA selects two writers from each of the 16 National League and 14 American League cities to vote on each of its awards. Of the 28 BBWAA members who cast ballots for AL MVP this year, 27 are men and 26 are white.

Women, African-Americans, and Latino tended to support Barack Obama in the presidential election. The three such voters in the MVP race, however, went for the older candidate: Susan Slusser, La Velle E. Neal III (who is black), and Mark Gonzales (who?s Latino) all voted Cabrera.

But Cabrera was far from the choice of the new generation. In this election, the Triple Crown winner?s main constituency was old people in old media. Twenty-four of the MVP voters work for newspapers or newspaper groups; 21 of them (88 percent) voted for Cabrera. The remaining four are employed by websites and cable networks. Just one of them?ESPN?s Tim Kurkjian, who got his start in print in 1978?picked the Tigers? third baseman. And based on my quick census, every voter 51 and above?that includes Kurkjian, Mark Whicker, Bob Dutton, Tom Gage, Sheldon Ocker, Bob Elliott, Daryl Van Schouwen, and several more?sided with Cabrera, the old-guard candidate. Among Trout?s six supporters were the shallow voting pool?s two relative youngsters: 32-year-old Jeff Passan of Yahoo and the Providence Journal?s Tim Britton, who graduated from Duke in 2009.

Miguel Cabrera?s voters are ink-stained traditionalists who long for a time before nerds ruined baseball by explaining how it worked. Analysts who embrace modern statistical analysis?folks like Nate Silver, Dave Cameron, Jonah Keri and Keith Law?favored Trout over Cabrera in large numbers. In their in-house poll, for instance, the staff of Baseball Prospectus chose Trout as the AL MVP by a vote of 28 to 1.

But who cares what those guys think? As of 2012, none of them get a vote. The BBWAA?s voting system empowers baseball?s most-conservative voices and disenfranchises those with non-prehistoric views. If presidential elections were decided this way, Mitt Romney would?ve won in a landslide, earning the support of the council of elders the nation had entrusted to make such a weighty decision: Charles Krauthammer, William Kristol, and George Will.

Trout?s supporters should be heartened by the fact that this is one election where the winner doesn?t get any political capital. Cabrera?who declared on Thursday that he was worried he might lose because of ?the new thing about computer stuff??will not be empowered to ban advanced fielding metrics and make WAR illegal. Eventually, reason will win out over superstition, the conventional wisdom will change, and the nerds will become the establishment. The voters of 2012 will not decide who wins the MVP in 2032, and for that we can all be thankful.

Thanks to Eric Goldwein for research assistance.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=66f3aef7833c17506a15d820de96eec4

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New ancient shark species gives insight into origin of great white

Friday, November 16, 2012

The great white shark is one of the largest living predatory animals and a magnet for media sensationalism, yet its evolutionary history is as misunderstood as its role as a menace.

Originally classified as a direct relative of megatooth sharks, the white shark's evolutionary history has been debated by paleontologists for the last 150 years. In a study appearing in print and online today in the journal Palaeontology, University of Florida researchers name and describe an ancient intermediate form of the white shark, Carcharodon hubbelli, which shows the modern white shark likely descended from broad-toothed mako sharks. The study deviates from the white shark's original classification as a relative of megatooth sharks such as the extinct Carcharocles megalodon, the largest carnivorous shark that ever lived.

Based on recalibrated dates of the excavation site in Peru, the study also concludes the new species was about 2 million years older than previously believed.

"We can look at white sharks today a little bit differently ecologically if we know that they come from a mako shark ancestor," said lead author Dana Ehret, a lecturer at Monmouth University in New Jersey who conducted research for the study as a UF graduate student. "That 2-million-year pushback is pretty significant because in the evolutionary history of white sharks, that puts this species in a more appropriate time category to be ancestral or kind of an intermediate form of white shark."

Most ancient shark species are named using isolated teeth, but analysis of C. hubbelli, also known as Hubbell's white shark, was based on a complete set of jaws with 222 teeth intact and 45 vertebrae. The species was named for Gainesville resident Gordon Hubbell, a collector who recovered the fossils from a farmer who discovered them in the Pisco Formation of southern Peru in 1988. Hubbell donated the specimens to the Florida Museum of Natural History on the UF campus in December 2009.

"The impetus of this project was really the fact that Gordon Hubbell donated a majority of his fossil shark collection to the Florida Museum," Ehret said. "Naming the shark in his honor is a small tip of the hat to all the great things he has done to advance paleontology."

Ehret and co-authors published an initial study describing the shark specimens in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology in 2009, but dates for the site reflected information from a 1985 study about the Pisco Formation, he said. With Hubbell's hand-drawn maps and descriptions of the landscape, researchers returned to the site and found the exact spot the fossils were discovered.

Scientists extracted more accurate age estimates from mollusk shells in the fossil horizon to determine the shark species was from the late Miocene, about 6.5 million years ago, rather than the early Pliocene, about 4.5 million years ago. The new dates will also be useful for better understanding other fossils found in the rich Pisco Formation, which include new whale, marine sloth and terrestrial vertebrate species.

"The thing that was remarkable to me was that these fossils came from right out in the desert and this was before GPS, so Dana had only an approximate notion of where it was," said Florida Museum of Natural History Director Douglas Jones, a study co-author who conducted strontium isotope dating of the fossils. "But after a few days of looking, we were able to find this deposit and Dana found the rest of the missing shark's teeth."

Researchers determined Hubbell's white shark was related to ancient broad-toothed mako sharks by comparing the physical shapes of shark teeth to one another. While modern white sharks have serrations on their teeth for consuming marine mammals, mako sharks do not have serrations because they primarily feed on fish. Hubbell's white shark has coarse serrations indicative of a transition from broad-toothed mako sharks to modern white sharks.

These evolutionary relationships have been hypothesized for decades, and researchers who interpret modern white sharks as being more closely related to megatooth sharks say it is "a friendly disagreement," according to Michael Gottfried, an associate professor in geological sciences at Michigan State University.

But shark expert David Ward, a research associate at the Natural History Museum, London, said "fewer people believe the big megatooth sharks are related to the great white sharks than believe the Earth is flat."

"Everyone working within the field will be absolutely delighted to see this relationship formalized," Ward said.

###

University of Florida: http://www.ufl.edu

Thanks to University of Florida for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/125286/New_ancient_shark_species_gives_insight_into_origin_of_great_white

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How the SEC almost shut down Wall Street

Sensitive, confidential information belonging to major U.S. stock exchanges was at risk of being hacked, according to a new Reuters report. Securities and Exchange Commission Interim Inspector General Jon Rymer wrote in a 43-page report that some SEC staffers had used unprotected government computers at a Black Hat convention this year. This convention attracts hundreds of hacking experts who bring seemingly impenetrable devices with them to see if they can be cracked, says Adam Levin, chairman and cofounder of Credit.com. The SEC said the government-issued computers were not hacked and no unauthorized breach of data occured. According to Reuters, the SEC employees attending the conference had logged into the unencrypted computers through public wireless networks.

The Inspector General said the employees, who had worked in the SEC's Trading and Markets division, were no longer at the federal agency. The SEC has been warning Wall Street firms and and market exchanges to beef up their cyber security efforts. But the government computers brought to the Black Hat convention did not have basic virus protection programs installed and the employees had neglected to encrypt the devices, Reuters reports.

Levin says in an interview with The Daily Ticker that cyber espionage could take down the world's financial trading system.

"We don't take cyber security as seriously as it needs to be taken," he says. Cyber attacks and hacking are a "pervasive problem," not just in the U.S. but also in the entire world, he notes.

The Nasdaq OMX Group was the target of a cyber attack in 2010, but its trading systems were not compromised. U.S. corporations like LinkedIn, Google, RSA, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman have all been victims of computer attacks within the past year. Large corporations will spend $32.8 billion on computer security this year, a 9% increase from 2011, according to The New York Times.

Levin says Congress must make tackling cyber security legislation a priority.

"We have to come up with, once and for all, a comprehensive cyber security policy that is carried through, not only at the government level, but also at the corporate level," he says.

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Source: http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/sec-almost-shut-down-wall-street-182422652.html

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Bioprinting has promising future: Scientists building structures for cells to grow on, in order to regenerate tissue

ScienceDaily (Nov. 15, 2012) ? The pioneering concept of bioprinting is delivering promising results according to one of the early champions of the process, Professor Brian Derby of The University of Manchester.

Writing in the journal Science, Professor Derby of The School of Materials, looks at how the concept of using printer technology to build structures in which to grow cells, is helping to regenerate tissue.

Both inkjet and laser printer technology can be used to build the 3D scaffolds that cells can be grown in and also place the cells in these structures simultaneously. Professor Derby explains how bioprinting works: "Inkjet technology places the structure's material in small droplets, which then solidify. More droplets are then placed on top of the previous ones in a specific pattern. The structure is built using this method which is generally referred to as additive manufacture. Laser printing uses light to solidify the structure's material layer upon layer. These methods have allowed us to develop very complex scaffolds which better mimic the conditions inside the body."

The scaffold provides a surface for the cells to adhere, thrive and multiply. Both the scaffold material, composition and its internal architecture control the behaviour and well-being of the cells inside.

In his review article Professor Derby looks at experiments where porous structures have been made through bioprinting. They are then placed in the body to help act as a scaffold to encourage cell growth. The cells colonize the structure and it either dissolves or becomes part of the body. This type of treatment can help patients suffering from problems such as cavity wounds. Clinical trials are currently taking place around the world to perfect this technology, and Professor Derby says it is moving towards becoming an established form of science.

Professor Derby also looks at how stem cells are being grown in printed structures that have been impregnated with certain chemicals. The chemicals are inserted during the printing process and can determine the type of cell the stem cells develop into. For example stem cells could be programmed to become cells that make up bone tissue or cartilage.

But there are limitations to the technology which is holding back breakthroughs such as the ability to grow an entire organ. Studies have found that it is very difficult to actually print the cells at the same time as making the structure that will house them. The stress on the cell as it goes through both the inkjet and laser process can damage the cell membrane. Cell survival rates have also been variable, ranging from between 40 to 95%.

The technology is also some way off progressing from an experimental platform to clinical practice. Whilst scaffolds are being clinically trialled, actually transplanting cells grown in an external structure into a patient is a more advanced process. It is still not possible at present to guarantee a consistent quality, which is required by medical device regulations.

But research is being carried out to grow external cells into tissue, such as a patch of skin, and transplant that into a patient. Professor Derby is currently working with Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. He wants to use bioprinting to print cells without using a scaffold. The printed cells form a sheet that can be used for grafts inside the body, for example in the mouth or nose.

Professor Derby says: "It is very difficult to transplant even a small patch of tissue to repair the inside of the nose or mouth. Current practice, to transplant the patient's skin to these areas, is regarded as unsatisfactory because the transplants do not possess mucous generating cells or salivary glands. We are working on techniques to print sheets of cells that are suitable for implantation in the mouth and nose."

One area which Professor Derby's review article highlights for the future is the ability to grow structures which can model cancerous tumours. These could then be used to test new drugs, which it's hoped will advance the search for more effective treatments.

Writing the review article has encouraged Professor Derby that there is a strong future for bioprinting and whilst growing organs is still a long way off, the advances being made in this area are very promising.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Manchester.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. B. Derby. Printing and Prototyping of Tissues and Scaffolds. Science, 2012; 338 (6109): 921 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226340

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/4imdZ1B7bSc/121115141544.htm

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Into the magnetic resonance scanner with a cuddly toy

ScienceDaily (Nov. 16, 2012) ? For the first time, Bochum clinicians have been able to show on the basis of a large sample, that it is possible to examine children's heads in the MRI scanner without general anaesthesia or other medical sedation. In many cases it was sufficient to prepare the young patients for the examination in an age-appropriate manner in order to take away their fear of the tube. And the results speak for themselves: of the 2461 image sequences recorded with 326 patients, the participating radiologists classified 97 percent as "diagnostically relevant."

At the same time, through his study, the associate professor Dr. Christoph M. Heyer (BG Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum) has been able to demonstrate for the first time the value of the so-termed BLADE sequences for the comprehensive examination of children in the MRI scanner.

Institutes and practices shun making the effort

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiation-free process today plays a key role within paediatric diagnostic radiology imaging. It is indispensable when it comes to depicting the central nervous system of children. Although the advantages of MRI over other test methods are sufficiently well known, many institutions and practices shy away from using it with young children. On the one hand, they assume that the children will not keep still enough to achieve sufficient image quality for diagnosis. On the other hand, they shun the organisational effort and expense involved when they need to sedate or anesthetise the children in order to achieve an unimpeded workflow. For this, the young patients have to be admitted to the ward with a parent. They also have to have a peripheral venous indwelling cannula inserted and be administered sedatives or anaesthetics.

There is another way

Assistant professor Heyer and colleagues have shown that there is another way of doing things. They examined 326 patients with an average age of 7.2 years in the Paediatric Radiology Outpatient Clinic at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the Bergmannsheil University Hospital without sedation or general anaesthesia. All the young patients were previously prepared for the MRI in an age-appropriate manner, given enough time to visit the scanner room, were allowed to take their cuddly toys into the MRI and their parents were with them. In addition, the Bochum clinicians recorded MRI sequences using the so-termed "BLADE" technique so as to exclude "blurring" as far as possible.

With this concept the doctors succeeded in examining 41% of the three year olds, 91% of the four-year olds and 98% of patients over the age of five without sedation. The in total 2461 image sequences acquired were reviewed by two radiologists, and in a total of 97% of cases declared to be diagnostically usable. The Paediatric Radiology Outpatient Clinic at the BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil specialises in MRI and CT examinations of children and adolescents of all ages. It is headed by assistant professor Heyer, the double specialist for paediatrics and diagnostic radiology/paediatric radiology. It is the only facility of its kind in Bochum and its surroundings.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Ruhr-Universitaet-Bochum, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Heyer CM, Lemburg SP, Sterl S, Holland-Letz T, Nicolas V, Fortschr R?ntgenstr. Dispensing with Sedation in Pediatric MR Imaging of the Brain: What is Feasible? R?Fo -- Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der R?ntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren, 2012, 184:1034-1042

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/mind_brain/child_development/~3/sMwTJhwIQoA/121116085542.htm

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Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 now available on T-Mobile

T-Mobile today announced the availability of their version of the Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 tablet. You can snag one now online for $399.99 on a two-year contract after mail-in rebate.?Though the?AT&T or Sprint models have LTE included, the T-Mobile version is about a hundred bucks cheaper.?

Here's a quick run-down of the Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1, but you can get?a full tour in our review.?

• Android?4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich (Jelly Bean coming "soon")
• 1.5GHz dual-core processor (Qualcomm MSM8960 chipset)
• 10.1-inch WXGA PLS TFT 1280 x 800 display
• 7,000mAh Lithium-Ion battery
• 1 GB RAM, 8 GB ROM and microSD card slot supporting up to 64 GB memory card
• Mobile hotspot capability supporting up to 10 Wi-Fi enabled devices simultaneously

Of course, this all pales in comparison to the now-available Nexus 10. Would anyone actually be interested in getting a Tab 2 10.1 with the N10?available as an option? For that matter, are there any other high-end Android tablets worth considering? Even if you were still in the market for a Tab 2 10.1 after all that, why go with T-Mobile?

More: Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 forums

Source: http://www.androidcentral.com/samsung-galaxy-tab-2-101-now-available-t-mobile

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